%PDF-1.5
%
1 0 obj
<<
/Metadata 2 0 R
/Names 3 0 R
/OpenAction 4 0 R
/Outlines 5 0 R
/PageMode /UseNone
/Pages 6 0 R
/Type /Catalog
/ViewerPreferences <<
/FitWindow true
>>
>>
endobj
7 0 obj
<<
/Author <48616D656420536166616661722C205061747269636B20556C64616C6C204EF872726567616172642C20416E697461204C6A756269632C20506572204DF86C6C65722C20537573616E204CF8767374616420486F6C647420616E6420436861726C6F747465204A61636F6273656E>
/CreationDate (D:20161202120607+08'00')
/Creator (LaTeX with hyperref package)
/Keywords (industrial process water; microalgae biomass; lipids; lutein; chlorophyll; Chlorella; amino acids; tocopherols; fatty acids)
/ModDate (D:20161202133758+01'00')
/PTEX.Fullbanner (This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.15 \(TeX Live 2014/W32TeX\) kpathsea version 6.2.0)
/Producer (pdfTeX-1.40.15)
/Subject (Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Chlorella vulgaris were cultivated in pre-gasified industrial process water with high concentration of ammonia representing effluent from a local biogas plant. The study aimed to investigate the effects of growth media and cultivation duration on the nutritional composition of biomass. Variations in proteins, lipid, fatty acid composition, amino acids, tocopherols, and pigments were studied. Both species grew well in industrial process water. The contents of proteins were affected significantly by the growth media and cultivation duration. Microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa produced the highest concentrations of protein \(65.2% 1.30% DW\) while Chlorella vulgaris accumulated extremely high concentrations of lutein and chlorophylls \(7.14 0.66 mg/g DW and 32.4 1.77 mg/g DW, respectively\). Cultivation of Chlorella species in industrial process water is an environmentally friendly, sustainable bioremediation method with added value biomass production and resource valorization, since the resulting biomass also presented a good source of proteins, amino acids, and carotenoids for potential use in aquaculture feed industry.)
/Title (Enhancement of Protein and Pigment Content in Two Chlorella Species Cultivated on Industrial Process Water)
/Trapped /False
>>
endobj
2 0 obj
<<
/Length 5364
/Subtype /XML
/Type /Metadata
>>
stream
application/pdf
Hamed Safafar, Patrick Uldall Nørregaard, Anita Ljubic, Per Møller, Susan Løvstad Holdt and Charlotte Jacobsen
Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Chlorella vulgaris were cultivated in pre-gasified industrial process water with high concentration of ammonia representing effluent from a local biogas plant. The study aimed to investigate the effects of growth media and cultivation duration on the nutritional composition of biomass. Variations in proteins, lipid, fatty acid composition, amino acids, tocopherols, and pigments were studied. Both species grew well in industrial process water. The contents of proteins were affected significantly by the growth media and cultivation duration. Microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa produced the highest concentrations of protein (65.2% 1.30% DW) while Chlorella vulgaris accumulated extremely high concentrations of lutein and chlorophylls (7.14 0.66 mg/g DW and 32.4 1.77 mg/g DW, respectively). Cultivation of Chlorella species in industrial process water is an environmentally friendly, sustainable bioremediation method with added value biomass production and resource valorization, since the resulting biomass also presented a good source of proteins, amino acids, and carotenoids for potential use in aquaculture feed industry.
Enhancement of Protein and Pigment Content in Two Chlorella Species Cultivated on Industrial Process Water
2016-12-02T12:06:07+08:00
LaTeX with hyperref package
2016-12-02T13:37:58+01:00
2016-12-02T13:37:58+01:00
industrial process water; microalgae biomass; lipids; lutein; chlorophyll; Chlorella; amino acids; tocopherols; fatty acids
pdfTeX-1.40.15
False
This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.15 (TeX Live 2014/W32TeX) kpathsea version 6.2.0
uuid:c501d687-e872-4643-98f5-2cae1c1f1967
uuid:60ebe891-22b5-4f54-ac4e-3926c980aa0f
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<<
/Dests 8 0 R
>>
endobj
4 0 obj
<<
/D [9 0 R /FitH]
/S /GoTo
>>
endobj
5 0 obj
<<
/Count 21
/First 10 0 R
/Last 11 0 R
/Type /Outlines
>>
endobj
6 0 obj
<<
/Count 16
/Kids [12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R]
/Type /Pages
>>
endobj
8 0 obj
<<
/Kids [15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R]
/Limits [(AMS.1) (table.3)]
>>
endobj
9 0 obj
<<
/Annots [18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R
28 0 R]
/Contents [29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R]
/CropBox [0 0 595.276 841.89]
/MediaBox [0 0 595.276 841.89]
/Parent 12 0 R
/Resources 37 0 R
/Rotate 0
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
10 0 obj
<<
/A 38 0 R
/Next 39 0 R
/Parent 5 0 R
/Title
>>
endobj
11 0 obj
<<
/A 40 0 R
/Parent 5 0 R
/Prev 41 0 R
/Title
>>
endobj
12 0 obj
<<
/Count 7
/Kids [42 0 R 9 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R]
/Parent 6 0 R
/Type /Pages
>>
endobj
13 0 obj
<<
/Count 6
/Kids [48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R]
/Parent 6 0 R
/Type /Pages
>>
endobj
14 0 obj
<<
/Count 3
/Kids [54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R]
/Parent 6 0 R
/Type /Pages
>>
endobj
15 0 obj
<<
/Kids [57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R]
/Limits [(AMS.1) (cite.B6-jmse-04-00084)]
>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<<
/Kids [63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R]
/Limits [(cite.B7-jmse-04-00084) (subsection.3.5)]
>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<<
/Kids [69 0 R 70 0 R]
/Limits [(subsection.3.6) (table.3)]
>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/S /URI
/Type /Action
/URI (http://www.mdpi.com/journal/jmse)
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 1]
/H /I
/Rect [75.539 757.64 195.961 793.648]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/S /URI
/Type /Action
/URI (http://www.mdpi.com)
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 1]
/H /I
/Rect [474.736 757.64 519.737 793.648]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/D (cite.B1-jmse-04-00084)
/S /GoTo
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/H /I
/Rect [405.932 220.652 412.906 229.578]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/D (cite.B2-jmse-04-00084)
/S /GoTo
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/H /I
/Rect [189.411 193.633 196.384 202.559]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
22 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/D (cite.B3-jmse-04-00084)
/S /GoTo
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/H /I
/Rect [196.883 193.449 203.856 202.559]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
23 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/D (cite.B3-jmse-04-00084)
/S /GoTo
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/H /I
/Rect [501.186 152.92 508.16 162.031]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
24 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/D (cite.B4-jmse-04-00084)
/S /GoTo
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/H /I
/Rect [508.658 153.105 515.632 162.031]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/D (cite.B4-jmse-04-00084)
/S /GoTo
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/H /I
/Rect [408.291 126.086 415.265 135.012]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
26 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/D (cite.B5-jmse-04-00084)
/S /GoTo
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/H /I
/Rect [407.587 85.373 414.561 94.484]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
27 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/D (cite.B6-jmse-04-00084)
/S /GoTo
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/H /I
/Rect [415.101 85.373 422.075 94.484]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
28 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/S /URI
/Type /Action
/URI (http://www.mdpi.com/journal/jmse)
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 1]
/H /I
/Rect [409.734 39.132 519.737 49.282]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
29 0 obj
<<
/Length 528
/Filter /FlateDecode
>>
stream
HT˒0+tL(-U$࠵Ġ`+lLA3rtH6[Uή`tIJpr y '?(RP77{^;JAdY&I9!I% yxNXID3 |]4̭Y.. $TdA3b*7{SyJ8՛mjg*$*n=Bu E+o z$$nz=ru3X'-HnҴQA;QMUZהg~"j䡓6v8l5G Ǚ#_(`g/p7I%`PtyWz3H2yo!`mm|5jS̘pHwꋪt:w_e>"?FuZ39EWC㕸XZ]pC
~RF`&j;9[ eBxS:oJS F>+
endstream
endobj
30 0 obj
<<
/Length 648
/Filter /FlateDecode
>>
stream
HSr0EbOLڤiqNMm% 1